STD 8: Chapter Concepts Mind Map
Key Concepts:
- Reasons for European Sea Routes: Technological advances, geographical knowledge, commercial market for Asian products, fall of Constantinople.
- Portuguese Arrival in India: Vasco da Gama, interactions with Zamorin of Kozhikode, conflicts over trade rights.
- Portuguese Influences: Introduction of new plants, establishment of forts, territorial rule, cultural and religious impacts.
- Battle of Colachel: Significance in ending Dutch supremacy in India.
- British East India Company: Key battles (Plassey, Buxar), acquisitions (Madras, Bombay, Calcutta), and political dominance.
- British Tax Policies: Permanent Land Revenue, Ryotwari, Mahalwari systems.
- Revolt of 1857: Causes, key leaders, limitations, and impact.
Key Concepts:
- Nationalism: Definition, British economic policy's role in strengthening nationalism.
- Role of Western Education and Media: Spread of nationalism through education, literature, and newspapers.
- Social Reformers: Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Jyotirao Phule, Pandita Ramabai.
- Indian National Congress: Objectives and formation.
- Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement: Causes, impact, and significance.
- Moderates vs. Extremists: Working methods and ideologies.
Key Concepts:
- Rotation and Revolution: Definitions, effects (day and night, Coriolis effect).
- Perihelion and Aphelion: Definitions and significance.
- Apparent Movement of the Sun: Uttarayanam, Dakshinayanam.
- Equinoxes and Solstices: Dates and characteristics.
- Time Calculation: Local Time, Standard Time, GMT, Time Zones.
Key Concepts:
- Basic Needs vs. Gratifying Needs: Definitions and characteristics.
- Basic Economic Problems: What, How, and For Whom to produce.
- Economic Systems: Capitalist, Socialist, Mixed Economies.
- Economic Thinkers: David Ricardo, Karl Marx, J.M. Keynes, J.A. Schumpeter.
- Gandhi's Economic Thoughts and Indian Nobel Laureates: Amartya Sen, Abhijit Banerjee.
Key Concepts:
- Significance of Rights: Role in democracy, Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution.
- Historical Influences: Magna Carta, French Revolution, UN Declaration of Human Rights.
- Fundamental Rights: Six categories (Equality, Freedom, Right against Exploitation, etc.).
- Directive Principles vs. Fundamental Rights: Differences and significance.
- Fundamental Duties: Purpose, origin, and examples.
Key Concepts:
- Resource Classification: Based on origin (natural, man-made) and renewability.
- Minerals: Classification (metallic, non-metallic) and examples.
- Iron and Steel Industry: Significance, history in India.
- Pollution Types: Air, Water, Soil, Noise pollution.
- Sustainable Development: Definition, objectives, and methods.
Key Concepts:
- Mass Media Evolution: Traditional vs. New Media.
- Media's Impact on Social Life: Socialisation, public opinion, consumption behavior, stereotypes.
- Technology and Media: Intertwined relationship, key innovations (AI, Big Data, Algorithms).
- Digital Etiquette: Definition, importance, and benefits.
