Social Studies Question Bank
Chapter 1: Humanism
I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. Which city, known for its commercial activities and artistic growth, was a major centre of the Renaissance in Italy?
Answer: (C) Florence
2. The philosophical school of thought that dominated the Middle Ages and prioritised the divine and the afterlife was:
Answer: (C) Scholasticism
3. Who pioneered the study of human anatomy during the Renaissance through the meticulous dissection of cadavers?
Answer: (C) Andreas Vesalius
4. The famous work The Prince, which presents political thoughts on maintaining the authority and security of the state, was written by:
Answer: (C) Machiavelli
II. Assertion-Reasoning (A-R)
5. Assertion (A): The conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 was a decisive event that accelerated the Renaissance in Italy.
Reason (R): Scholars from Constantinople migrated to Italian cities, bringing valuable manuscripts of ancient Greco-Roman literary works with them.
Reason (R): Scholars from Constantinople migrated to Italian cities, bringing valuable manuscripts of ancient Greco-Roman literary works with them.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. Assertion (A): Martin Luther’s initial intention in writing the 'Ninety-Five Theses' was merely to spark an ideological debate.
Reason (R): He wrote his theses in German so that they could be widely disseminated among the public, leading to the Protestant Reformation.
Reason (R): He wrote his theses in German so that they could be widely disseminated among the public, leading to the Protestant Reformation.
Answer: (C) A is true, but R is false.
III. Triple Match Following
7. Match the Renaissance figure with their field and key achievement/work:
| Column A (Figure) | Column B (Field) | Column C (Achievement/Work) |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Donatello | (i) Painting | (x) Developed theory of gravitation |
| 2. Leonardo da Vinci | (ii) Sculpture | (y) Created Gattamelata and bronze David |
| 3. Isaac Newton | (iii) Science | (z) Painted Mona Lisa and The Last Supper |
Answer Options:
(A) 1-ii-y, 2-i-z, 3-iii-x
(B) 1-i-y, 2-iii-x, 3-ii-z
(C) 1-iii-z, 2-i-x, 3-ii-y
(A) 1-ii-y, 2-i-z, 3-iii-x
(B) 1-i-y, 2-iii-x, 3-ii-z
(C) 1-iii-z, 2-i-x, 3-ii-y
Answer: (A) 1-ii-y, 2-i-z, 3-iii-x
IV. Statement-Statement Reasoning
8. Statement 1: The Renaissance historiography replaced the notion that historical events were divinely ordained with human-centered explanations.
Statement 2: Renaissance historians began placing greater emphasis on evidence such as inscriptions, coins, and ancient manuscripts.
Statement 2: Renaissance historians began placing greater emphasis on evidence such as inscriptions, coins, and ancient manuscripts.
Answer: (A) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
V. Short Answer Questions (SA)
9. What major breakthroughs did the Renaissance period witness in the field of astronomy?
- The geocentric model of Ptolemy (Earth at the centre) was challenged by Nicolaus Copernicus.
- Copernicus presented the revolutionary argument that the Sun is the centre of the universe and planets revolve around it.
- Galileo Galilei made seminal discoveries, including satellites of Jupiter and rings of Saturn, with his designed telescope, providing conclusive evidence for Copernicus' principles.
10. What were the objectives and outcomes of the Council of Trent (Counter-Reformation)?
- Objectives: The Catholic Church leadership convened the Council (Synod) of Trent to correct erroneous tendencies within the Church and implement reforms.
- Outcomes: The sale of indulgence was banned. A list of books (The Index) that believers should not read was published. The court of inquisition was reinstituted. The movement succeeded in eliminating a number of wrong tendencies in the Catholic Church.
VI. Long Answer Questions (LA)
11. Explain the role of humanism in shaping the Renaissance, citing examples from art or literature.
- Departure from Medieval Thought: Humanism emerged as a departure from Christian theology (scholasticism), prioritising human experience, worldly life, and rational inquiry over the divine.
- Core Focus: It highlighted the uniqueness, emotions, capabilities, and literary expression inherent in humanity, shifting the focus from a theological perspective to a human-centered outlook.
- Influence on Art: In painting, humanistic ideals were profoundly reflected. Artists emphasised rationalism and human emotions, depicting human forms with accuracy and realistic detail, sometimes depicting divine figures in idealised human forms (e.g., Leonardo da Vinci’s scientific study of the human body for his art).
- Influence on Literature: Writers gave importance to individual liberty and secular values, breaking away from medieval scholasticism. Most chose to produce their works in regional languages, aiding popularisation. Petrarch's sonnets and Machiavelli's secular political thought in The Prince reflect this human-centered approach.
Chapter 2: Liberty Equality Fraternity
I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. The primary governing belief of the Bourbon dynasty rulers in France, claiming that the king derived his authority directly from God, was known as:
Answer: (B) Divine Right Theory
2. The tax imposed on all products from the 13th century onwards, but later levied only on salt, was the unpopular:
Answer: (B) Gabelle
3. The French paper currency issued in 1789 to stabilise the economy and pay off national debt, which later lost its value due to excessive printing, was called:
Answer: (C) Assignat
4. Who advocated limited monarchy and proposed dividing governmental powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches?
Answer: (C) Montesquieu
II. Assertion-Reasoning (A-R)
5. Assertion (A): The Jacobins seized control of France after it became a republic in 1792, initiating the Reign of Terror.
Reason (R): The Reign of Terror was implemented through the ‘Committee of Public Safety’ to deal with major European powers (like Britain, Austria, and Russia) that were attacking France.
Reason (R): The Reign of Terror was implemented through the ‘Committee of Public Safety’ to deal with major European powers (like Britain, Austria, and Russia) that were attacking France.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. Assertion (A): The French Revolution laid the foundation for the concept of modern nationalism.
Reason (R): After the revolution, the existence of a nation began to be expressed through national character, superseding monarchy, and establishing the idea of popular sovereignty.
Reason (R): After the revolution, the existence of a nation began to be expressed through national character, superseding monarchy, and establishing the idea of popular sovereignty.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
III. Triple Match Following
7. Match the French social stratum with its privileges/roles and taxes paid:
| Column A (Estate) | Column B (Privileges/Roles) | Column C (Taxes Paid) |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Clergy (First) | (i) Held highest govt./army positions, landowners | (x) Paid Tithe and other taxes |
| 2. Nobles (Second) | (ii) Exempted from all types of taxes, owned large land | (y) Exempted from taxes by paying small gift |
| 3. Commons (Third) | (iii) Majority population, workers, peasants | (z) Exempted from taxes |
Answer Options:
(A) 1-ii-z, 2-i-y, 3-iii-x
(B) 1-i-y, 2-ii-z, 3-iii-x
(C) 1-ii-x, 2-i-z, 3-iii-y
(A) 1-ii-z, 2-i-y, 3-iii-x
(B) 1-i-y, 2-ii-z, 3-iii-x
(C) 1-ii-x, 2-i-z, 3-iii-y
Answer: (B) 1-i-y, 2-ii-z, 3-iii-x
IV. Statement-Statement Reasoning
8. Statement 1: Napoleon's administrative reforms included establishing The Bank of France and implementing a unified currency system.
Statement 2: The Napoleonic Code abolished feudal laws and recognised equality and religious freedom.
Statement 2: The Napoleonic Code abolished feudal laws and recognised equality and religious freedom.
Answer: (A) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
V. Short Answer Questions (SA)
9. List the major decisions taken at the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
- Restore the monarchies that existed in the countries of Europe, including France, before the French Revolution.
- Restore the Bourbon monarchy in France.
- Recognise Britain's naval supremacy.
- Recognise Russia's dominance in Eastern Europe.
- Recognise Austria's dominance in Central Europe.
10. What were the major reforms passed by the National Assembly after the fall of the Bastille?
- Abolition of slavery.
- Taking away the special powers vested on the nobility.
- Abolished the tax the people had to pay to the Catholic Church.
- Cancellation of additional taxes.
VI. Long Answer Questions (LA)
11. Describe the economic crisis faced by France in the late 18th century, and explain the role of philosophical ideas in influencing the revolution.
- Economic Crisis: The agricultural sector faced a severe crisis in the 1770s due to decreased production. This led to a 60% increase in cereal/bread prices, while wages only increased by 22%. Crop shortage and livestock decline affected one third of the population. British products flooded the French market due to reduced import duties, making native artisans unemployed. Louis XVI borrowed huge sums, but empty coffers discouraged bankers, leading to middle-class opposition to unequal taxation.
- Influence of Thinkers: French philosophers inspired people to react against injustice.
- Voltaire criticised the clergy and evils of the church.
- Rousseau argued that the king violated the social contract and lost the right to rule, inspiring democratic rule based on sovereignty.
- Montesquieu criticised tyranny and advocated limited monarchy and the division of government powers into three branches (legislative, executive, judicial) to ensure individual freedom.
Chapter 3: Social Analysis: Through Sociological Imagination
I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. What is defined as the direct understanding individuals acquire about the world through personal experiences, social interactions, and cultural knowledge, which is often not formal?
Answer: (D) Commonsense Knowledge
2. A problem or condition that affects a large number of people in society and is considered undesirable or detrimental is termed a:
Answer: (B) Social Problem
3. The process of examining how social relationships, social institutions, social structures, and social problems affect individuals and society is known as:
Answer: (C) Social Analysis
4. Which concept refers to generalized statements, beliefs, or ideas that create misconceptions about groups of people?
Answer: (B) Stereotype
II. Assertion-Reasoning (A-R)
5. Assertion (A): The concept of sociological imagination enables individuals to see individual problems as part of the wider social structure.
Reason (R): Sociological imagination helps develop empathy and tolerance by recognizing the influence of social factors and external contexts on personal experiences.
Reason (R): Sociological imagination helps develop empathy and tolerance by recognizing the influence of social factors and external contexts on personal experiences.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. Assertion (A): The social structure provides order and stability to society.
Reason (R): The social structure explains and implements the status, roles, existence, and responsibility of individuals in society, with norms and rules serving as examples.
Reason (R): The social structure explains and implements the status, roles, existence, and responsibility of individuals in society, with norms and rules serving as examples.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
III. Triple Match Following
7. Match the approach to social problems with its characteristic and limitation:
| Column A (Approach) | Column B (Characteristic) | Column C (Limitation) |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Commonsense | (i) Connects individual experiences to large structures | (x) Not based on scientific observation |
| 2. Sociological Imagination | (ii) Encourages critical thinking | (y) Limited to personal views and experiences |
| 3. Social Analysis | (iii) Provides superficial explanation based on stereotypes | (z) Helps identify cause-effect relationship |
Answer Options:
(A) 1-iii-y, 2-ii-x, 3-ii-z
(B) 1-iii-x, 2-i-ii, 3-ii-z
(C) 1-i-y, 2-iii-z, 3-ii-x
(A) 1-iii-y, 2-ii-x, 3-ii-z
(B) 1-iii-x, 2-i-ii, 3-ii-z
(C) 1-i-y, 2-iii-z, 3-ii-x
Answer: (A) 1-iii-y, 2-ii-x, 3-ii-z
IV. Statement-Statement Reasoning
8. Statement 1: Social institutions are the framework of rules established by society to stabilize and regulate social relations.
Statement 2: Social institutions assimilate generally accepted values and reflect them in individual actions, leading society towards progress.
Statement 2: Social institutions assimilate generally accepted values and reflect them in individual actions, leading society towards progress.
Answer: (A) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
V. Short Answer Questions (SA)
9. What is the significance of the sociological imagination for social policy?
- The sociological imagination enables one to see individual problems as social problems rather than mere personal failures.
- Grasping the reasons behind various social problems increases the possibility of intervention.
- It helps in formulating more effective social policies.
10. How does sociological imagination broaden an individual's perspective when analyzing a problem like a road accident?
- Commonsense might blame only carelessness.
- Sociological imagination reveals other factors like violation of traffic rules, overcrowding of vehicles, limited transportation facilities, failure of the legal system, and unscientific road construction.
- It helps to identify how other social factors influence individual problems, thus broadening the perspective.
VI. Long Answer Questions (LA)
11. Compare and contrast the Commonsense Knowledge Approach and the Sociological Imagination Approach when dealing with social realities.
| Feature | Commonsense Knowledge Approach | Sociological Imagination Approach |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Limited to personal views and experiences. | Broad, connecting individual experiences to larger social structures. |
| Explanation | Often provides only a superficial explanation based on stereotypes. | Analyzes deeply the impact of social factors on individuals. |
| Critical Thinking | Social realities and problems are not approached through critical thinking. | Encourages critical thinking about interrelationships between personal experiences and social structures. |
| Goal | Focuses on individual failure/speculation. | Views individual problems as social problems. |
Relationship: Although distinct, they are interrelated ideas of sociology. Sociological inquiry helps in understanding and explaining commonsense knowledge. By integrating these two ideas, individuals can engage critically with society.
Chapter 4: Wealth and the World
I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. Which country received the patronage of King Ferdinand and Isabella to sponsor the voyages of Christopher Columbus?
Answer: (D) Spain
2. The set of changes in the production process involving mass production using machines, which occurred between 1780 and 1850, is referred to as the:
Answer: (B) Industrial Revolution
3. The policy by which financial exchanges become more important than industrial production and population welfare, allowing big corporates influence beyond military power, is known as:
Answer: (D) Finance Capitalism
4. Who was the Spanish priest who set up 'The Society of Jesus,' which played a prominent part in the Counter Reformation?
Answer: (C) Ignatius Loyola
II. Assertion-Reasoning (A-R)
5. Assertion (A): The Pan-German Movement, led by Germany, aimed to unite the Teutonic (Germanic) people.
Reason (R): This movement aimed to expand German influence into Central Europe and the Balkan region, contributing to extreme nationalism.
Reason (R): This movement aimed to expand German influence into Central Europe and the Balkan region, contributing to extreme nationalism.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. Assertion (A): The economic policy of mercantilism aimed to accumulate wealth primarily through gold and silver.
Reason (R): A key characteristic of this policy was the effort to preserve a nation's wealth by reducing imports and increasing exports.
Reason (R): A key characteristic of this policy was the effort to preserve a nation's wealth by reducing imports and increasing exports.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
III. Triple Match Following
7. Match the military alliance with its member countries (WWI context):
| Column A (Alliance) | Column B (Members 1) | Column C (Members 2) |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Triple Alliance | (i) Russia | (x) Italy |
| 2. Triple Entente | (ii) Germany | (y) Austria-Hungary |
| 3. Allied Powers (WWII) | (iii) England | (z) France |
Answer Options:
(A) 1-ii-y, 2-iii-z, 3-i-z
(B) 1-ii-x, 2-i-z, 3-iii-z
(C) 1-i-y, 2-iii-x, 3-ii-z
(A) 1-ii-y, 2-iii-z, 3-i-z
(B) 1-ii-x, 2-i-z, 3-iii-z
(C) 1-i-y, 2-iii-x, 3-ii-z
Answer: (B) 1-ii-x, 2-i-z, 3-iii-z
IV. Statement-Statement Reasoning
8. Statement 1: The primary goal of the Portuguese colonial policy was to secure control over the Asian spice trade, monopolising it and keeping other European powers out.
Statement 2: Unlike the Portuguese and Spanish kings who directly controlled colonial trade, the Dutch and the English conducted their colonial trade through joint-stock companies.
Statement 2: Unlike the Portuguese and Spanish kings who directly controlled colonial trade, the Dutch and the English conducted their colonial trade through joint-stock companies.
Answer: (A) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
V. Short Answer Questions (SA)
9. List four factors that enabled Portugal and Spain to undertake successful geographical expeditions.
- The building of advanced ships capable of crossing vast oceans.
- The invention of the compass and other navigational tools.
- Patronage of the rulers.
- Strong military power.
- Extensive experience in seafaring.
- Advances in cartography and astronomy. (Select any four)
10. What were the key features of the totalitarian movements that emerged in Europe after World War I?
- Rejection of democracy.
- Opposition to socialism.
- Supporting dictatorship.
- Extreme nationalism.
- Elimination of political opponents.
- Glorification of war and violence.
VI. Long Answer Questions (LA)
11. Describe the major consequences of European colonisation on the native populations and the world economy.
- Impact on Natives/Colonies:
- Slavery and the slave trade (especially in Africa).
- Wealth was extracted and flowed into European countries.
- Natives lost their economic and political rights over their own regions.
- Indigenous cultures faced destruction.
- Western lifestyles, practices, and Christianity spread across the colonies.
- Impact on World Economy/Trade:
- The Atlantic coast emerged as the most important trade route, declining Mediterranean trade.
- Large parts of the Americas, Africa, and Asia came under European invasion.
- Development of the triangular trade system (Europe, Africa, Americas).
- The influx of gold and silver from South America to Europe increased the use of currency and accelerated monetisation.
Chapter 5: Public Opinion in Democracy
I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. Which factor is listed as one that hinders the formation of rational public opinion because individuals have limited knowledge about public issues?
Answer: (B) Illiteracy
2. The ability to find information from the digital world and evaluate it efficiently using digital equipment and technology is called:
Answer: (A) Media Literacy
3. The movement in Kerala which had a significant role in changing social life through art and literature, and formed a strong public opinion against social evils, was:
Answer: (D) Library Movement
4. A group of organizations, groups, and people who work voluntarily for the welfare of society without government control or profit motive, representing different views, is known as:
Answer: (C) Civil Society
II. Assertion-Reasoning (A-R)
5. Assertion (A): The existence of a democratic system is closely linked to the strength of public opinion.
Reason (R): Strong public opinion prevents arbitrary and dictatorial tendencies and ensures that every issue is critically evaluated, making political parties responsible.
Reason (R): Strong public opinion prevents arbitrary and dictatorial tendencies and ensures that every issue is critically evaluated, making political parties responsible.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. Assertion (A): The process of education helps a person to form an independent and rational opinion on any subject.
Reason (R): Educational institutions play a major role in shaping a child’s knowledge of rights, duties, scientific thinking, and critical thinking.
Reason (R): Educational institutions play a major role in shaping a child’s knowledge of rights, duties, scientific thinking, and critical thinking.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
III. Triple Match Following
7. Match the factor that influences public opinion with its type and example:
| Column A (Factor) | Column B (Type of Factor) | Column C (Consequence/Effect) |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Illiteracy | (i) Personal/Socio-economic background | (x) Hinders rational opinion formation |
| 2. Trade Unions | (ii) Organizational Factor | (y) Plays a crucial role in shaping opinion |
| 3. Leadership Skills | (iii) Individual Attribute | (z) Influence public opinion |
Answer Options:
(A) 1-i-x, 2-ii-y, 3-iii-z
(B) 1-iii-x, 2-i-y, 3-ii-z
(C) 1-ii-x, 2-iii-z, 3-i-y
(A) 1-i-x, 2-ii-y, 3-iii-z
(B) 1-iii-x, 2-i-y, 3-ii-z
(C) 1-ii-x, 2-iii-z, 3-i-y
Answer: (A) 1-i-x, 2-ii-y, 3-iii-z
IV. Statement-Statement Reasoning
8. Statement 1: Ruling political parties generally try to propagate government policies in their favour and devise appropriate campaign strategies.
Statement 2: Opposition parties try to intervene on public issues by bringing the shortcomings and failures of the administration to the attention of the people.
Statement 2: Opposition parties try to intervene on public issues by bringing the shortcomings and failures of the administration to the attention of the people.
Answer: (A) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
V. Short Answer Questions (SA)
9. What is the significance of the family as an agency that shapes public opinion?
- A child’s socialisation process starts from the family.
- The traditional beliefs and perceptions of the family influence opinion formation.
- The child is a participant or witness in family discussions on politics, beliefs, religion, and literature.
- The family holds the first place in the formation of the child's opinion on various issues, marking the first stage of public opinion formation.
10. List four factors that hinder the formation of public opinion in a democratic society.
- Illiteracy.
- Digital Divide.
- Poverty.
- Unhealthy political activity and lack of democracy in political parties.
- Unhealthy practices during election campaigns.
- Corruption, regionalism, and hero worship. (Select any four)
VI. Long Answer Questions (LA)
11. Describe the nature and function of public opinion, highlighting its characteristics in a democratic context.
- Nature: Public opinion is the general opinion, or the position/opinion generally held by a section of society, about issues affecting them. It is formed when responsible citizens bring problems to public attention.
- Democratic Function: It is an effective social control over the government and encourages debate that empowers democracy. It is considered one of the essential criteria of democracy. Citizens empowered through public opinion strengthen democracy and help evolve an alert civil society.
- Characteristics:
- It reflects diverse opinions.
- It is the creation of a general consensus, not necessarily the views of the majority.
- It may change with circumstances, time, and new knowledge.
- It is formed on political, socio-economic, and cultural matters.
- It ensures democratic communication.
Chapter 6: Mass Movement for Freedom
I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. The pivotal event where people gathered in Amritsar to protest the arrest of leaders Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew was the:
Answer: (C) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
2. The Khilafat Movement in India was led by:
Answer: (B) Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali (The Ali Brothers)
3. The movement in Gujarat in 1928 led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel against an increase in tax was the:
Answer: (C) Bardoli Peasants Movement
4. Which revolutionary organisation was founded by Bhagat Singh and his associates in 1928?
Answer: (C) Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)
II. Assertion-Reasoning (A-R)
5. Assertion (A): The Congress decided to boycott the Simon Commission.
Reason (R): All seven members of the commission, appointed to recommend constitutional reforms, were British.
Reason (R): All seven members of the commission, appointed to recommend constitutional reforms, were British.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. Assertion (A): The Second Round Table Conference ended unsuccessfully.
Reason (R): Although the Civil Disobedience Movement was suspended following the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the fundamental issues causing the movement remained unresolved.
Reason (R): Although the Civil Disobedience Movement was suspended following the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the fundamental issues causing the movement remained unresolved.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
III. Triple Match Following
7. Match the movement with its leader and nature/location:
| Column A (Movement) | Column B (Leader) | Column C (Location/Nature) |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Champaran | (i) Alluri Sitarama Raju | (x) Bihar, Indigo Cultivators |
| 2. Ahmedabad | (ii) Mahatma Gandhi | (y) Andhra Pradesh, Tribal Uprising |
| 3. Rampa Rebellion | (iii) Mahatma Gandhi | (z) Gujarat, Textile Mill Workers |
Answer Options:
(A) 1-ii-x, 2-iii-z, 3-i-y
(B) 1-iii-x, 2-ii-z, 3-i-y
(C) 1-ii-y, 2-iii-x, 3-i-z
(A) 1-ii-x, 2-iii-z, 3-i-y
(B) 1-iii-x, 2-ii-z, 3-i-y
(C) 1-ii-y, 2-iii-x, 3-i-z
Answer: (B) 1-iii-x, 2-ii-z, 3-i-y
IV. Statement-Statement Reasoning
8. Statement 1: During the Civil Disobedience Movement, traders and industrialists refused to buy or sell imported products.
Statement 2: The movement gained widespread popularity in both rural and urban areas, but public participation surpassed that of the earlier Non-Cooperation Movement.
Statement 2: The movement gained widespread popularity in both rural and urban areas, but public participation surpassed that of the earlier Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer: (A) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
V. Short Answer Questions (SA)
9. Identify four effects of the First World War (1914–1918) on India.
- Additional wartime taxes were levied on the people.
- Huge quantities of food grains were exported for soldiers, leading to a severe food shortage.
- Crop losses worsened the situation.
- Epidemics occurred during that period, and many people died of famine.
10. What were the objectives of the Congress Socialist Party (CSP), formed after the spread of socialist ideas?
- The party aimed to establish a socialist society.
- Its goal was achieved by countering capitalism and landlordism.
- The CSP was able to organise workers and peasants and address their concerns.
VI. Long Answer Questions (LA)
11. Describe the main features and outcomes of the Quit India Movement (1942).
- Features: Launched by Gandhiji with the mantra "Do or Die". It spread across the country even though leaders were imprisoned. Students, youth, workers, and women took up the struggle. Activists targeted post offices, telegraph offices, and railway stations. Leaders operated from hiding using Congress Radio. The movement saw violence, which Gandhiji attributed to government brutality.
- Outcomes: Certain areas were liberated from British control, and temporary parallel governments were established (e.g., Ballia, Satara, Tamluk). The movement made freedom an urgent goal and transfer of power inevitable.
- Post-Movement Developments: Significant developments followed, including the Cabinet Mission (1946) to discuss the transfer of power and the Mountbatten Plan (1947) proposing partitioning and independence. India gained independence on August 15, 1947.
Chapter 7: The Glimpses of Free India
I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. The only provinces of British India that were partitioned between India and Pakistan were:
Answer: (B) Bengal and Punjab
2. The military operation conducted by the Indian Union in 1961 to liberate territories controlled by the Portuguese was for:
Answer: (C) Goa, Daman, and Diu
3. The first nuclear test conducted by India on May 18, 1974, at Pokhran, Rajasthan, is known as:
Answer: (B) Smiling Buddha
4. Who was the Malayali woman who led the 'Rani Jhansi Regiment,' the women’s unit in the Indian National Army (INA)?
Answer: (C) Captain Lakshmi Sahgal
II. Assertion-Reasoning (A-R)
5. Assertion (A): The State of Andhra was created on October 1, 1953, the first state formed on a linguistic basis.
Reason (R): This was a result of the agitation following the death of Potti Sreeramulu, who undertook a hunger strike demanding a separate Andhra state for Telugu-speaking people.
Reason (R): This was a result of the agitation following the death of Potti Sreeramulu, who undertook a hunger strike demanding a separate Andhra state for Telugu-speaking people.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. Assertion (A): The nationalization of fourteen major banks occurred in 1969 under Indira Gandhi's leadership.
Reason (R): This was done because banks, being owned by large industrialists, prioritized the rich, making it difficult for farmers and common people to obtain loans and banking services.
Reason (R): This was done because banks, being owned by large industrialists, prioritized the rich, making it difficult for farmers and common people to obtain loans and banking services.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
III. Triple Match Following
7. Match the Iron and Steel Industry with its state and assisting country:
| Column A (Industry) | Column B (State) | Column C (Assisting Country) |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Rourkela | (i) Chhattisgarh | (x) Soviet Union |
| 2. Bhilai | (ii) Odisha | (y) Germany |
| 3. Durgapur | (iii) West Bengal | (z) United Kingdom |
Answer Options:
(A) 1-ii-y, 2-i-x, 3-iii-z
(B) 1-i-x, 2-ii-y, 3-iii-z
(C) 1-ii-x, 2-i-y, 3-iii-z
(A) 1-ii-y, 2-i-x, 3-iii-z
(B) 1-i-x, 2-ii-y, 3-iii-z
(C) 1-ii-x, 2-i-y, 3-iii-z
Answer: (A) 1-ii-y, 2-i-x, 3-iii-z
IV. Statement-Statement Reasoning
8. Statement 1: The primary vision behind Indian space research is that space technology can be utilised for national development.
Statement 2: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established in 1969 with its headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram.
Statement 2: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established in 1969 with its headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram.
Answer: (C) Statement 1 is correct, but statement 2 is incorrect.
V. Short Answer Questions (SA)
9. What were the key outcomes of the Land Reform Laws implemented in Kerala?
- A limit was set on the land that could be owned.
- The landlordism (Janmi system) was abolished.
- Tenants received permanent ownership rights over agricultural land.
- Exploitation and inequality prevalent in the agricultural sector were eliminated to a certain extent.
10. List four fundamental principles of India’s foreign policy, as formulated by Jawaharlal Nehru.
- Peaceful Coexistence.
- Stand against Colonialism and Apartheid.
- Protect National Security and Sovereignty.
- Non-Aligned Policy.
- Panchsheel Principles. (Select any four)
VI. Long Answer Questions (LA)
11. Explain the changes that constituted the Green Revolution and list the subsequent revolutions implemented in India.
- Green Revolution (GR): The GR refers to initiatives implemented from 1960 onwards to achieve self-sufficiency in food production. The changes were achieved in a short period through the use of high-yielding varieties of seeds, irrigation facilities, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, and modern machinery. The GR took place in two phases: 1960–1970 and 1970–1980. Dr. M. S. Swaminathan is the Father of the Green Revolution in India.
- Subsequent Revolutions:
- White Revolution: Aimed to increase the production of milk and dairy products (led by Dr. Verghese Kurien).
- Blue Revolution: Aimed to improve the fish production sector.
Chapter 8: Democracy An Indian Experience
I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. The Right to Information Act (RTI Act), passed by the Indian Parliament in 2005, came into force on:
Answer: (C) 12 October 2005
2. The assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1984 occurred following which military operation carried out at the Golden Temple?
Answer: (A) Operation Blue Star
3. The movement started in 1990 by the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) in Rajasthan, demanding access to documents related to public works, led to the:
Answer: (C) Right to Information (RTI) Movement
4. Who was the chairman of the Sarkaria Commission, appointed by the Central Government in 1983 to study Centre-State relations?
Answer: (C) Justice R. S. Sarkaria
II. Assertion-Reasoning (A-R)
5. Assertion (A): The Governor's role is often controversial, especially when different political parties govern at the Centre and in the States.
Reason (R): The Governor is appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Central Government, and their actions are often interpreted as Central interference.
Reason (R): The Governor is appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Central Government, and their actions are often interpreted as Central interference.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. Assertion (A): Corruption adversely affects the country's financial investments, economic growth, and the democratic system.
Reason (R): Corruption causes the rights, welfare activities, and facilities that people should receive to be concentrated to only a few individuals, leading to a loss of faith in democracy.
Reason (R): Corruption causes the rights, welfare activities, and facilities that people should receive to be concentrated to only a few individuals, leading to a loss of faith in democracy.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
III. Triple Match Following
7. Match the movement with its region and purpose:
| Column A (Movement) | Column B (Region) | Column C (Purpose/Demand) |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Anti-Arrack Movement | (i) Nellore district (Andhra Pradesh) | (x) Against illegal immigration of Bangladeshis |
| 2. Silent Valley Movement | (ii) Kerala | (y) Against widespread use of alcohol/sexual harassment |
| 3. Assam Movement | (iii) Assam | (z) Conservation of rain forest and bio-diversity |
Answer Options:
(A) 1-i-y, 2-ii-z, 3-iii-x
(B) 1-iii-x, 2-i-y, 3-ii-z
(C) 1-ii-y, 2-iii-z, 3-i-x
(A) 1-i-y, 2-ii-z, 3-iii-x
(B) 1-iii-x, 2-i-y, 3-ii-z
(C) 1-ii-y, 2-iii-z, 3-i-x
Answer: (A) 1-i-y, 2-ii-z, 3-iii-x
IV. Statement-Statement Reasoning
8. Statement 1: The Anti-Defection Law was passed in 1985 through the 52nd Constitutional Amendment to prevent elected representatives from abandoning their party.
Statement 2: Resort Politics refers to political parties gathering their members at a specific venue to design strategies to prevent defection.
Statement 2: Resort Politics refers to political parties gathering their members at a specific venue to design strategies to prevent defection.
Answer: (A) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
V. Short Answer Questions (SA)
9. How did the declaration of the Emergency (1975) impact the Constitutional and democratic framework of India?
- A state of internal emergency was declared.
- It abolished the federal system of the constitution and concentrated power in the union government.
- It froze fundamental rights.
- It abolished the court's power of judicial review.
- Opposition leaders were imprisoned without trial, and censorship was imposed on newspapers.
10. List the three major classifications of regional movements based on their demands.
- Anti-immigration movements.
- Regional autonomy movements.
- Separatist movements.
VI. Long Answer Questions (LA)
11. Discuss the key characteristics and objectives of the Dalit Movements in post-independence India.
- Background: Dalit movements emerged from the sentiment that Dalit communities were being kept away from the mainstream and denied their rights, despite constitutional reservations. They faced problems like educational backwardness, social/economic inequality, and landlessness.
- Influence and Objectives: Inspired by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s ideas of social justice, equality, and the annihilation of caste. Organizations sought political empowerment for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, OBCs, and minorities.
- Dalit Panthers (1972): Led by educated Dalit youth, they organized aggressive resistance against caste discrimination and public protests against police brutalities. They popularized the lives of the marginalized in literature and cinema and persuaded the government to take strong measures against attacks on Dalits.
- BAMCEF (1978): Focused on the political empowerment of SCs, STs, OBCs, and minorities, leading to the formation of political parties like the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) under Kanshi Ram.
Chapter 9: Know the Indian Social System
I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. Who is an Indian Sociologist known for insightful studies on the caste system, defining it as a way of life deeply embedded in religious and cultural traditions?
Answer: (A) G. S. Ghurye
2. The concept of endogamy promoted by the caste system refers to:
Answer: (C) Marriage within one’s caste.
3. The type of society characterized by diverse industries, various services, modern facilities, a diverse population, and a fast-paced lifestyle is the:
Answer: (C) Urban society
4. What is the process by which people from different backgrounds are respected for their diversity, leading to a unified and harmonious state?
Answer: (C) National Integration
II. Assertion-Reasoning (A-R)
5. Assertion (A): Tribal communities play a vital role in preserving Indian cultural heritage.
Reason (R): They possess valuable traditional knowledge about agriculture, medicine, and biodiversity conservation, and nourish Indian culture through unique languages, art forms, and festivals.
Reason (R): They possess valuable traditional knowledge about agriculture, medicine, and biodiversity conservation, and nourish Indian culture through unique languages, art forms, and festivals.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. Assertion (A): The urban society depends on rural society.
Reason (R): Cities depend on villages for raw materials and food, while villages depend on cities for technology and markets.
Reason (R): Cities depend on villages for raw materials and food, while villages depend on cities for technology and markets.
Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
III. Triple Match Following
7. Match the language family with a major language and linguistic region:
| Column A (Family) | Column B (Language) | Column C (Region) |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Indo-European | (i) Santhali | (x) Andhra/Telangana |
| 2. Dravidian | (ii) Gujarati | (y) Santhal Pargana district |
| 3. Astro-Asiatic | (iii) Telugu | (z) Gujarat/Kathiawad |
Answer Options:
(A) 1-ii-z, 2-iii-x, 3-i-y
(B) 1-iii-x, 2-ii-z, 3-i-y
(C) 1-ii-y, 2-i-x, 3-iii-z
(A) 1-ii-z, 2-iii-x, 3-i-y
(B) 1-iii-x, 2-ii-z, 3-i-y
(C) 1-ii-y, 2-i-x, 3-iii-z
Answer: (A) 1-ii-z, 2-iii-x, 3-i-y
IV. Statement-Statement Reasoning
8. Statement 1: The caste system maintained social order in ancient India, ensuring members adhered strictly to norms based on caste.
Statement 2: Caste system was based on the notion of purity and pollution, which required those considered lower castes to maintain social distance from higher castes.
Statement 2: Caste system was based on the notion of purity and pollution, which required those considered lower castes to maintain social distance from higher castes.
Answer: (A) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
V. Short Answer Questions (SA)
9. How does religion act as a tool for social control in the Indian social system?
- Each religion teaches human values such as honesty, empathy, mutual respect, love, care, justice, and morality.
- These values enrich the process of socialisation.
- Religious values influence and guide individual behaviour.
- Through this influence, coexistence and social order can be ensured, thus acting as a tool for social control.
10. List four negative consequences that communalism poses to Indian democracy.
- It undermines constitutional values like secularism and social justice.
- It poses a threat to the nation's unity and integrity.
- It leads to the formation of public opinion based on religion and communal thinking.
- It can be used by political parties to influence voters, posing a significant challenge to democracy.
VI. Long Answer Questions (LA)
11. Describe the main features of the traditional caste system that existed in Indian society.
- Caste Determination: Caste was determined at birth, and individuals could not move to another caste.
- Social Hierarchy: Members were ranked into layers (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras, Panchamas/outcastes), determining an individual’s role, status, and responsibilities, with lower layers being denied status and rights.
- Division of Labour: Specific hereditary occupations were allocated to each caste (e.g., Brahmins as priests, Shudras as service caste), maintaining a society with no social mobility.
- Purity and Pollution/Social Control: The system was based on the notion of purity and pollution, leading to the strict maintenance of differences and the existence of untouchability.
- Restrictions on Marriage: The system promoted endogamy (marriage within one’s caste) to maintain boundaries.
- Inequality and Marginalisation: Lower castes were denied access to education, land, and resources, accelerating their marginalisation.
