IX SS Model Questions
Chapter 1: On the Roof of the World
Triple Multiple Choice/Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Components of the Himalayas
1. Which three parallel ranges extend to the south of the Trans Himalayas, together forming the Himalayas? A) Kunlun, Karakoram, and Zaskar B) Himadri, Himachal, and the Shiwaliks C) Patkaibum, Naga Hills, and Mizo Hills Answer: B
Set 2: Features of the Northern Mountain Region 2. Which three topographical features characterize the region of the Northern Mountain ranges? A) Broad, flat river valleys, extensive deserts, and alluvial deposits B) Coastal plains, plateaus, and permanent ice sheets C) High peaks, glaciers, and valleys Answer: C
Finding Relationships/Pairing Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Division and Separating Rivers Identify the correct pairing of the Himalayan regional division and its separating rivers. A) Central Himalayas : Indus, Kali B) Western Himalayas : Indus, Kali C) Eastern Himalayas : Kali, Teesta Answer: B
Set 2: Geological Process and Formation Identify the correct pairing of the geological process and the formation of the Himalayas. A) Divergent Boundary : Formed due to the separation of plates B) Transform Boundary : Formed due to the sliding of plates C) Convergent Boundary : Formed by the folding of rock layers due to plate compression Answer: C
Characteristic Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Description of the Shiwalik Range
1. Identify the characteristic description of the Shiwalik Range. A) It is known as the Inner Himalayas, snow-clad, with an average elevation of about 6100 metres. B) It is known as the Lesser Himalayas, with an average elevation of 3500 to 4500 metres. C) It is the southern most Himalayan range, also known as the Outer Himalayas, forming the borders of the Ganga Plains. Answer: C
Set 2: Feature of Karewas Soil 2. What is the characteristic feature of Karewas soil? A) Coarse grained soil with low humus content found on high slopes. B) Fine grained soil found in deep gorges created by rivers. C) Glacial sediment deposited in the Kashmir Valley, which is humus-rich fine soil ideal for saffron cultivation. Answer: C
Sequencing/Matching Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Sequence of Himalayan Ranges (North to South) Arrange the parallel Himalayan ranges from north to south:
1. Himachal
2. Shiwaliks
3. Himadri A) 3, 1, 2 (Himadri, Himachal, Shiwaliks) Answer: A
Set 2: Matching Regional Term and Description Match the regional term with its description:
1. Bugyals
2. Duns
3. Gorges a. Deep valleys with steep sides created by river erosion b. Flat valleys seen between the Lesser Himalayas and the Shiwalik hill ranges c. Alpine summer meadows between the tree line and the snow line in the Gadwal region A) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a Answer: A
Comparison/Difference Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Western vs. Eastern Himalayas (Elevation) Compare the Western Himalayas and the Eastern Himalayas based on elevation. A) The Western Himalayas are generally lower in elevation than the Eastern Himalayas. B) The Eastern Himalayas are low hills compared to the Western Himalayas. C) Both regions have the same average elevation. Answer: B
Set 2: Ladakh vs. Lower Slopes Climate Compare the climate experienced in the Ladakh region versus the lower mountain slopes. A) Ladakh experiences mild climate, while lower slopes experience extreme cold. B) Both regions experience heavy rainfall due to the southwest monsoon. C) Mild climate prevails along the lower mountain slopes and Shiwalik foothills, but Ladakh region experiences Pole-like extreme winter climate. Answer: C
Explanation/Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Himalayas as a Climatic Divide Explain why the Himalayas are considered a ‘climatic divide’ for the Indian Subcontinent. A) They cause heavy rainfall in the plains immediately to the south. B) They are the source of perennial rivers like the Indus and Ganga. C) They form India’s northern boundary along with other continuous mountains, creating a climatic divide between the Indian Subcontinent and Central Asia. Answer: C
Set 2: Heavy Rainfall in North Eastern India Analyze why the North Eastern India, particularly the Meghalaya Plateau, receives heavy rainfall. A) Because the Brahmaputra River often floods the region. B) Because it is located far from the moderating influence of the ocean. C) The Monsoon winds blowing from the Bay of Bengal get trapped in between the Assam Himalayas and the Purvachal Hills, causing most of the moisture to reach back to earth as rain. Answer: C
Elucidation/Example Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Transhumance Elucidate the phenomenon of transhumance in the Himalayan region. A) The process by which glaciers melt in summer to feed the Indus tributaries. B) The formation of flat valleys (Duns) between mountain ranges. C) The seasonal migration along with domestic animals from dry valleys to luxuriant green Bugyals (meadows) during summer, and returning to the valleys in winter. Answer: C
Set 2: Hot Springs Formation Elucidate how a hot spring is formed in the Himalayan terrain. A) By the excessive erosion of soft rocks in the course of a river. B) By the accumulation of glacial sediment known as Karewas. C) Rainwater seeps into the earth, gets warmed by heated subsurface rock layers (due to mountain building processes), and rises to the surface as a hot spring. Answer: C
Problem Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Limitations on Agriculture Analyze the factors that pose limitations on agriculture in the mountainous Himalayan region. A) Lack of population density and surplus production. B) Extensive alluvial deposition and the use of modern machinery. C) Elevation, steepness of slope, immature soil, and low temperature. Answer: C
Set 2: Perennial Rivers Analyze why Himalayan rivers are perennial (water-rich) throughout the year, even during dry seasons. A) Because they receive heavy rainfall only during the Northeast Monsoon. B) Because they are both rainfed and snow-fed. C) Because their course involves only lateral erosion, not vertical erosion. Answer: B
Identification and Description Options (2 sets)
Set 1: The Roof of the World Identify and describe the 'Roof of the World'. A) Mount Everest, the world's highest peak. B) The Kunlun mountains where the Trans Himalayas originate. C) The Pamir Knot, from which several Northern mountain ranges originate. Answer: C
Set 2: Fold Mountains Identify and describe the concept of 'Fold Mountains'. A) Landforms with an average elevation above 900 metres from the sea level. B) Mountains formed by the movement of tectonic plates away from each other (Divergent Boundary). C) Mountains formed due to the compression of sedimentary rock strata of the earth's crust (folding), such as the Himalayas and the Alps. Answer: C
Reasoning/Justification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Justification for Himalayas being Young and Lofty Justify why the Northern mountain ranges are considered "relatively young and lofty". A) Because they are formed by continuous alluvial deposition by rivers. B) Because they were formed by the folding of rock layers (Convergent Boundary) due to plate tectonics (collision of Indian and Eurasian Plates) and are still growing. C) Because they contain very old crystalline rocks like basalt and gneiss. Answer: B
Set 2: Justification for Tourism Potential Justify why the Himalayan region has become a zone with high economic potential for tourism. A) Because of the extensive flat plains available for industrial development. B) Because the geographical conditions are favourable, initiated by pilgrimage and later expanding to include resort towns (Shimla, Manali) and adventure tourism (Mountaineering, skiing). C) Because the population density is high, supporting large service sector industries. Answer: B
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Chapter 2: In the Expansive Plain
Triple Multiple Choice/Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Geomorphic Zones of the North Indian Plain
1. Which three terms refer to the zones or belts of the North Indian Plain, based on geomorphic features, running from north to south? A) Khadar, Bhangar, Delta B) Bhabar, Tarai, Alluvial plains C) Marusthali, Rajasthan Bagar, Doabs Answer: B
Set 2: Factors Favouring Agriculture in the Plain 2. Which three factors make the North Indian Plain highly suitable for agriculture? A) Mountainous terrain, heavy snow fall, and high population density. B) Continental climate, low temperature, and rocky terrain. C) Fertile soil, adequate water supply, and flat topography. Answer: C
Finding Relationships/Pairing Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Landform Feature and Composition Identify the correct pairing of the landform feature and its characteristic location/composition: A) Bhangar : Newer alluvial deposits B) Bhabar : Narrow belt formed by deposition of rocks and boulders C) Khadar : Region where rivers disappear beneath rocks Answer: B
Set 2: Doab and Defining Rivers Identify the correct pairing of the Doab and the rivers defining it: A) Chaj Doab : Between the rivers Ravi and Chenab B) Bari Doab : Between the rivers Beas and Ravi C) Bist-Jalandhar Doab : Between the rivers Indus and Jhelum-Chenab Answer: B
Characteristic Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Description of the 'Loo' Wind
1. Identify the characteristic description of the 'Loo' wind during the hot weather season in the North Indian Plain. A) Cold wind from West Asia causing frost. B) Monsoon wind from the Bay of Bengal bringing widespread rain. C) Hot, dry and oppressive wind blowing from the desert region of Rajasthan to the Ganga Plain. Answer: C
Set 2: Definition of Alluvium 2. Identify the definition of 'Alluvium'. A) Molten rock layers in a semi-plastic state. B) The total volume of water and sediments in a delta region. C) Debris, including silt, sand, gravel, etc., brought and deposited by rivers. Answer: C
Sequencing/Matching Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Sequence of Cropping Seasons Arrange the cropping seasons in chronological order of their start (based on the description in the source):
1. Kharif (From June to September)
2. Zaid (From April to June)
3. Rabi (From October to March) A) 2, 1, 3 (Zaid, Kharif, Rabi) Answer: A
Set 2: Matching Regional Division and Feature Match the regional division of the North Indian Plain with its characteristic feature:
1. Rajasthan Plain
2. Brahmaputra Plain
3. Ganga Plain a. Includes the Thar Desert and the non-perennial Luni River b. Characterized by Meanders and Ox-Bow lakes due to gentle slopes c. Formed by depositional processes of the Ganga River and its tributaries, extending from Yamuna to Bangladesh A) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c Answer: A
Comparison/Difference Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Bhangar vs. Khadar Distinguish between 'Bhangar' and 'Khadar'. A) Bhangar is the marshy, swampy tract, and Khadar is the boulder belt. B) Bhangar refers to the older alluvial deposits, and Khadar refers to the newer alluvial deposits. C) Bhangar is found in the Tarai region, and Khadar is found in the Bhabar region. Answer: B
Set 2: Population Density (Plain vs. Plateau) Compare the reasons for the high population density in the North Indian Plain compared to the Peninsular Plateau. A) The Peninsular Plateau has better road networks, while the Plain lacks perennial rivers. B) The North Indian Plain is suitable for agriculture due to flat topography, fertile alluvial soil, perennial rivers, and favorable climate, enabling it to house more than half of India's population. C) The Plain is characterized by continental climate, while the Plateau has moderate climate. Answer: B
Explanation/Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Explanation of Deposition Explain the process of 'deposition' carried out by geomorphic agents. A) The process of folding sedimentary rock strata due to compression. B) The process where sediments or rock materials transported by external forces (geomorphic agents) are deposited conveniently in low lying regions. C) The process of lateral and vertical erosion leading to V-shaped valleys. Answer: B
Set 2: Excessive Cold in North Indian Plain Analyze why the cold weather season is characterized by 'excessive cold' in the North Indian Plain. A) Due to the excessive heating of the land during the day. B) Due to factors such as being far from the moderating influence of oceans (continental climate), snowfall in the nearby Himalayas, and cold winds from West Asia. C) Due to the rapid movement of the monsoon winds towards the south. Answer: B
Elucidation/Example Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Alluvial Fans Formation Elucidate the formation of Alluvial Fans. A) They are formed when the river's velocity decreases at the mouth, branching into distributaries. B) They are formed when the river takes a straighter course, detaching isolated curved sections. C) They are formed when rivers enter a plain from mountainous regions, their velocity abruptly decreases, causing sediments (alluvium) to be deposited in the form of fans. Answer: C
Set 2: Ox-Bow Lakes Formation Elucidate the formation of Ox-Bow Lakes. A) They are linear landforms formed by sediments along river beds (sandbars). B) Meanders curve further due to continuous erosion and deposition; subsequently, the river takes a straighter course, detaching the curved sections and forming isolated water bodies. C) They are flood plains formed by the deposition of alluvium along the river banks. Answer: B
Problem Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Flood Susceptibility Analyze why the North Indian Plain is susceptible to flooding and channel deviation. A) Because the rivers flow very slowly throughout their course. B) Because the rivers have a turbulent flow in their mountainous course and are perennial (water rich), making flooding and channel deviation common in the plains. C) Because the area is defined by massive rock and boulder deposition (Bhabar). Answer: B
Set 2: The 'October Heat' Analyze the defining condition that causes the phenomenon known as the 'October heat'. A) The entry of the Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon winds into the Sundarbans delta. B) During the northeast monsoon season (retreating monsoon), the North Indian Plain experiences conditions of high temperature and atmospheric humidity, making the weather oppressive. C) The prevalence of 'Loo' wind blowing from the Rajasthan desert. Answer: B
Identification and Description Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Definition of Doab
1. Identify and describe the term 'Doab'. A) A type of deciduous forest found in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. B) A semi-arid plain drained by short seasonal rivers. C) A land lying between two rivers that join together later. Answer: C
Set 2: Description of the Tarai Region 2. Identify and describe the 'Tarai' region. A) The zone formed by the deposition of rocks and boulders at the Shiwalik foothills. B) The dry deciduous forests of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. C) A marshy and swampy tract, approximately 10 to 20 km wide, running parallel to the Bhabar belt, where rivers that disappeared re-emerge. Answer: C
Reasoning/Justification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Justification for Granary of India Justify why the North Indian Plain is considered the 'granary of India'. A) Because most of the plain is covered by Tropical Thorn Forests. B) Because of extensive cultivation of crops like wheat, rice, jute, and sugarcane, supported by irrigation and favorable conditions (fertile soil, flat topography, perennial rivers). C) Because it is the largest alluvial plain in the world, spanning 3200 km. Answer: B
Set 2: Justification for Brahmaputra Plain Distinctness Justify why the Brahmaputra Plain stands distinct and separate from the rest of the North Indian Plain, geographically. A) Because it is the only part of the plain formed entirely by Himalayan rivers. B) Because it is bordered by the Eastern Himalaya in the north, Patkai-Naga Hills in the east, and Garo-Khasi-Jaintia Hills/Mikir Hills in the south, serving as natural boundaries. C) Because it receives scanty rainfall from the southwest monsoon winds. Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Plateau where the Earth’s History Slumbers
Triple Multiple Choice/Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Peninsular Plateau Boundaries
1. Which three geographical factors are essential components of the Peninsular Plateau boundaries? A) The Northern Mountain Region, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and the Thar Desert. B) Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, and the North Indian Plain (in the north). C) Pamir Knot, Aravali Mountains, and the Bay of Bengal. Answer: B
Set 2: Mineral Wealth of Chota Nagpur Plateau 2. Which three metallic/non-metallic minerals make the Chota Nagpur Plateau the richest storehouse of minerals? A) Monocyte, Coral, and Peat. B) Iron ore, bauxite, and coal. C) Lime, Silica, and Gravel. Answer: B
Finding Relationships/Pairing Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Soil Type and Formation Identify the correct pairing of the soil type and its formation/location: A) Alluvial soil : Formed by the weathering of basalt rocks. B) Black soil (Regur) : Formed by the weathering of basalt rocks (lava rocks). C) Red soil : Formed by the leaching of minerals due to heavy rain and drought. Answer: B
Set 2: River and Tributary Identify the correct pairing of the river and its tributary: A) Mahanadi : Tungabhadra. B) Godavari : Kabani. C) Krishna : Bhima. Answer: C
Characteristic Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Description of the Deccan Trap
1. Identify the characteristic description of the Deccan Trap. A) The alluvial plain formed by the deposition of Himalayan rivers. B) The vast sandy expanse of the Thar Desert. C) The north western part of the Deccan Plateau composed of lava rocks called basalt. Answer: C
Set 2: Diurnal Range of Temperature 2. What characterizes the 'Diurnal range of temperature' in the Peninsular Plateau interiors? A) High average summer temperature (over 30°C). B) Low temperature prevailing at higher elevations like the Western Ghats. C) It is very high due to the considerable fall in the night temperature. Answer: C
Sequencing/Matching Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Evolution of Black Soil Terminology Arrange the evolution of the Black Soil nomenclature (based on characteristics):
1. Regur soil
2. Black cotton soil
3. Black soil A) 3, 1, 2 (Black soil, Regur soil, Black cotton soil) Answer: A
Set 2: Matching Geographical Feature and Location Match the geographical feature with its location:
1. Anamudi
2. Shola forests
3. Mount Abu a. Western Ghats (Anamalai), highest peak in Peninsular India b. Highest peak in Malwa Plateau (Aravali ranges) c. Sub tropical vegetation along Nilgiris, Palani, Anamalai A) 1-a, 2-c, 3-b Answer: A
Comparison/Difference Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Western vs. Eastern Ghats (Continuity) Compare the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats based on continuity. A) Both ranges are highly continuous and unbroken. B) The Western Ghats are lower in height than the Eastern Ghats. C) The Western Ghats are continuous; the Eastern Ghats are broken across by east-flowing peninsular rivers. Answer: C
Set 2: In-situ Soils vs. Transported Soils Distinguish between In-situ Soils and Transported Soils. A) In-situ soils are formed by depositional processes; Transported soils are formed by weathering. B) In-situ soils rest over the place at which they are formed (e.g., Black soil); Transported soils are carried away by agents like rivers or wind and deposited elsewhere (e.g., Alluvial soil). C) In-situ soils are suitable for plantation crops; Transported soils are not arable. Answer: B
Explanation/Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Usefulness of Black Soil for Cotton Explain the reason why the Black Soil (Regur) is highly useful for cotton cultivation. A) Because it is formed from the weathering of red sandstone. B) It is highly fertile and has more water-retaining capacity, protecting agricultural crops even in summer. C) Because it is transported soil deposited by the Krishna River. Answer: B
Set 2: Rain Shadow Region of the Western Ghats Explain why large areas of the plateau close to the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats receive very little rainfall. A) They receive heavy rainfall only during the northeast monsoon. B) They are located in the rain shadow region because the moisture-laden winds cause heavy rainfall along the windward (western) side, and the winds descending along the eastern slopes are dry. C) The plateau has low temperature and high atmospheric humidity. Answer: B
Elucidation/Example Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Water Divide Elucidate the definition and function of a 'Water Divide' in Peninsular India. A) The boundary line separating the Central Highlands from the Deccan Plateau. B) The boundary line separating two watersheds or drainage basins; the Western Ghats is the major water divide in Peninsular India. C) The area formed by a river and its tributaries (Drainage Basin). Answer: B
Set 2: Shola Forests Elucidate the role of the Nilgiris, Palani, and Anamalai hills in vegetation classification. A) They are the primary locations for Tropical Thorn Forests. B) The sub tropical vegetation found along these hills is specifically referred to as Shola forests. C) They define the boundary of the Moist Deciduous Forests receiving 70 to 100 cm annual rainfall. Answer: B
Problem Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Navigability of Peninsular Rivers Analyze why Peninsular rivers, unlike Himalayan rivers, are generally not navigable. A) Because they flow northwards to join the Yamuna and Ganga. B) They are more seasonal in their flow (decreasing water flow during summer), and their courses often include steep valleys and waterfalls. C) They originate only from the uplands of Central Highlands. Answer: B
Set 2: Narmada Bachao Andolan Analyze the significance of the Narmada Bachao Andolan. A) It was a movement to encourage the navigation of the Narmada river. B) It was a strong public resistance against the construction of large reservoirs (like Sardar Sarovar) on River Narmada, fueled by concerns over environmental harm and displacement of people. C) It aimed to promote power generation using geothermal energy. Answer: B
Identification and Description Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Ravines
1. Identify and describe the 'Ravines'. A) The high peaks found in the Western Ghats, such as Anamudi. B) Badland topographical features (gullies) along the northern slopes of the Malwa Plateau formed by the continuous erosion by the Chambal River and its tributaries. C) The gorges carved by Himalayan rivers like the Indus. Answer: B
Set 2: Dakshin Ganga 2. Identify and describe the Dakshin Ganga. A) The Mahanadi, the river that flows across the Eastern Ghats to the Bay of Bengal. B) The Godavari, which is the largest peninsular river (1465 km long with 3.13 lakh sq. km catchment area). C) The Kaveri, known for its perennial flow due to two monsoons. Answer: B
Reasoning/Justification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Justification for Oldest Landform Status Justify why the Peninsular Plateau is considered 'one of the oldest landforms in the world'. A) Because it was formed recently by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. B) Because it is composed of very old crystalline rocks, like basalt, granite and gneiss, formed by lava flows millions of years ago. C) Because it receives rain from both the southwest and northeast monsoons. Answer: B
Set 2: Justification for Plantation Crops Justify why the production of coffee and tea is concentrated in the Western Ghats/Nilgiris region. A) Because the region is dominated by highly fertile alluvial soil. B) Because it is a densely populated area supporting massive labour supply. C) Because laterite soil, found largely along the Western Ghats, although less fertile, is extensively used for plantation crops such as tea and coffee. Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Human Resources for National Development
Triple Multiple Choice/Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Economic Resources (Factors of Production)
1. Which three factors are essential components of production, traditionally defined as economic resources? A) Income, wages, and profit. B) Land, labour, and capital. C) Education, health, and migration. Answer: B
Set 2: Factors Influencing Human Resources Structure 2. Which three factors influence the structure of human resources in a country? A) Productivity, wages, and interest. B) Size, composition, and skills of the population. C) Rent, profit, and financial capital. Answer: B
Finding Relationships/Pairing Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Factor and Reward Identify the correct pairing of the factor of production and its reward. A) Land : Wages B) Labour : Wages C) Capital : Profit Answer: B
Set 2: Input Type and Description Identify the correct pairing of the input type and its description. A) Variable Inputs : Cannot be changed in a short period (e.g., Land). B) Fixed Inputs : Cannot be changed in a short period (e.g., Organisation). C) Fixed Inputs : Quantity can be changed quickly (e.g., Labour). Answer: B
Characteristic Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Knowledge Economy
1. Identify the characteristic description of the 'Knowledge Economy'. A) An economic system that uses solely traditional methods of production. B) An economic system that utilizes intelligence, innovative technological ideas, and information technology (ICT) to produce intellectual products. C) An economic system where goods are exchanged for goods (Barter System). Answer: B
Set 2: Productivity 2. Identify the characteristic definition of 'Productivity'. A) The money received by producers through selling products in markets. B) The process of combining land, capital, and labour. C) The ability of each factor of production to produce goods and services. Answer: C
Sequencing/Matching Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Evolution of Money Arrange the evolution of money forms in chronological order (earliest to latest).
1. Gold/Metal coins
2. Animal skins/Agricultural products
3. Electronic money/Plastic cards
4. Paper money A) 2, 1, 4, 3 Answer: A
Set 2: Matching Human Capital Factor and Description Match the term related to human capital formation with its definition/example:
1. Human Capital
2. Migration
3. Job Training a. Permanent or temporary movement of people for employment or higher standard of living b. The economic value of human resources achieved through education and job training c. Acquiring professional skills through courses or institutional training to increase productivity A) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c Answer: A
Comparison/Difference Options (2 sets)
Set 1: GDP vs. GNP Distinguish between 'GDP' and 'GNP'. A) GDP excludes income from abroad; GNP includes income earned from India by foreigners. B) GDP is the value of goods and services produced within the domestic territory; GNP adds the income of residents/firms abroad and excludes income earned by foreigners/foreign firms in India. C) GDP includes depreciation cost; GNP deducts depreciation cost. Answer: B
Set 2: Final Goods vs. Intermediate Goods Distinguish between 'Final goods' and 'Intermediate goods'. A) Final goods are products used as raw materials; intermediate goods are consumed directly. B) Final goods can be consumed directly; intermediate goods are used as raw materials to produce another product. C) Final goods are counted in national income; intermediate goods are always excluded. Answer: B
Explanation/Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Education and National Development Explain the primary relationship between education and national development. A) Education ensures that the population size is maintained at optimal levels. B) Through education, people can use modern technology effectively, acquire better jobs, earn more income, and thereby become an asset for the growth of the country. C) Education primarily leads to increased consumption expenditure. Answer: B
Set 2: Importance of Labour Force Analyze why the labour force is considered the most important factor of production for most people. A) Because the reward for land (rent) is the highest form of income. B) For most people, wages earned for their labour are their source of income; the labour force is the population aged 15 and above who are willing and able to work, positively influencing the economy. C) Labour is the only factor that requires massive investment in healthcare. Answer: B
Elucidation/Example Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Definition of Unemployment Elucidate the definition of 'Unemployment'. A) A condition where only those above 60 years of age cannot find work. B) A condition in which a healthy and capable person who is willing to work at the prevailing wage rate cannot find work. C) Job loss due to the introduction of new technology (Structural Unemployment). Answer: B
Set 2: Human Capital Formation Enhancement Elucidate the factors that enable Human Capital Formation to reach its peak. A) Achieving the highest possible depreciation cost. B) Making more investments in factors like education, proper training (Job Training), and healthcare to increase productivity. C) Only focusing on the size and composition of the population. Answer: B
Problem Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Poverty as a Challenge Analyze how poverty acts as the biggest challenge to human capital formation. A) Poverty leads to high income and high purchasing power. B) Low income pushes people into poverty, making them unable to meet basic needs like education and health, which in turn causes low productivity and chronic illness, reinforcing the cycle. C) Poverty increases the willingness and ability to work at high wage rates. Answer: B
Set 2: Significance of NNP Calculation Analyze the significance of calculating Net National Product (NNP). A) NNP is calculated before subtracting the income of foreigners working in India. B) NNP is significant because it accounts for the depreciation cost (expenses incurred to rectify wear and tear/obsolescence of capital goods). C) NNP is used primarily to calculate the Gross National Expenditure (GNE). Answer: B
Identification and Description Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Barter System
1. Identify and describe the 'Barter System'. A) The use of metal coins and paper money as common mediums of exchange. B) The system prevalent in ancient days where goods were exchanged for goods. C) The modern digital system used for marketing (Digital Marketing). Answer: B
Set 2: Disguised Unemployment 2. Identify and describe 'Disguised Unemployment'. A) The condition of being willing to work but unable to find work (Open Unemployment). B) The condition where employment is available only during a particular season (Seasonal Unemployment). C) A condition where more than the required number of labourers are employed in the production process without any change in the total output. Answer: C
Reasoning/Justification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Government Expenditure due to Migration Justify why governments incur expenditure to meet the basic needs resulting from migration. A) Migration is the process of acquiring educational qualification or income (Achieved Status). B) Migration causes many changes in the social, economic, and cultural spheres, and government expenditure is necessary to meet the basic needs and help form human capital in the region. C) Migration primarily causes structural unemployment due to technological changes. Answer: B
Set 2: Kerala Healthcare Model Justify why Kerala is considered a model for the world’s healthcare activities. A) Because Kerala has eliminated all forms of unemployment. B) Because Government investments in the health sector implement preventive medicine, immunization, curative medicine, access to nutritious food, and sanitation measures, strengthening human capital formation. C) Because Kerala abolished the Barter System earlier than other states. Answer: B
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Chapter 5: Indian Economy Through Various Sectors
Triple Multiple Choice/Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Activities in the Primary Sector
1. Which three activities are categorized under the Primary Sector (Agricultural Sector)? A) Construction works, Industry, and Real estate. B) Agricultural activities, livestock rearing (animal husbandry), and fishing. C) Banking, Education, and Health. Answer: B
Set 2: Activities in the Tertiary Sector 2. Which three components are explicitly included in the definition or examples of the Tertiary Sector (Service Sector)? A) Processing raw materials, manufacturing, and construction. B) Transportation, Communication, and Trade and commerce. C) Mining, Forestry, and Quarrying. Answer: B
Finding Relationships/Pairing Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Sector and Alternate Name Identify the correct pairing of the sector and its alternative name. A) Primary Sector : Industrial sector B) Secondary Sector : Service sector C) Tertiary Sector : Service sector Answer: C
Set 2: Economic Concept and Calculation Method Identify the correct pairing of the economic concept and its calculation method. A) National Income (Expenditure Method) : r + w + i + p. B) National Income (Product Method) : C + I + G + (X-M). C) National Income (Income Method) : Sum total of rent, wages, interest, and profit. Answer: C
Characteristic Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: National Income
1. Identify the characteristic definition of 'National Income'. A) The money value of all intermediate goods produced in a year. B) The total income of a single household derived from salary and assets. C) The sum total of the money value of all final goods and services produced in an accounting year. Answer: C
Set 2: Subsidy 2. What characterizes 'Subsidy'? A) A compulsory payment made by the public to the government. B) The financial support or assistance provided by the government on goods and services to individuals or institutions. C) The expenditure incurred for ensuring general welfare (Government Expenditure). Answer: B
Sequencing/Matching Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Major Economic Activities Arrange the major economic activities in the flow of resources (production to use).
1. Distribution
2. Consumption
3. Production A) 3, 1, 2 (Production, Distribution, Consumption) Answer: A
Set 2: Matching Expenditure Type and Description Match the expenditure type with its description:
1. Consumption Expenditure
2. Investment Expenditure
3. Government Expenditure a. Expenditure incurred on capital goods (land and machinery) by units/individuals b. Expenditure incurred for ensuring general welfare of the people c. Expenditure incurred by the consumer for purchasing goods and services A) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b Answer: A
Comparison/Difference Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Organised vs. Unorganised Sector Distinguish between 'Organised Sector' and 'Unorganised Sector' based on legal structure and job security. A) Organised sector lacks legal registration; Unorganised sector operates under proper legal system. B) Organised sector functions under a proper legal system and assures job security; Unorganised sector lacks proper legal system, registration, and assurance of permanent job. C) Organised sector has low salary; Unorganised sector has high salary. Answer: B
Set 2: Product Method vs. Income Method Compare the calculation of National Income using the Product Method vs. the Income Method. A) The Product Method calculates the sum of factors of production rewards (r+w+i+p); The Income Method calculates the money value of final goods. B) The Product Method calculates by adding the value of all final goods and services produced in all sectors (x1 + x2 + ...); The Income Method calculates by summing the incomes generated by the factors of production (r + w + i + p). C) The Product Method calculates GNP; the Income Method calculates GDP. Answer: B
Explanation/Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Function of NSO Explain the primary function of the National Statistical Office (NSO). A) To calculate Per Capita Income based on total population. B) To collect, analyze, and publish the economic statistical data of India, including national income, which is used to formulate economic policies and monitor economic growth. C) To manage the public distribution system and ensure price control. Answer: B
Set 2: Interdependence of Sectors Analyze the significance of the interdependence between the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. A) It ensures that the primary sector receives no assistance from the others. B) It is essential for completing the production process and ensuring economic growth. C) It measures national income using only the Gross Value Added method. Answer: B
Elucidation/Example Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Gross Value Added (GVA) Calculation Elucidate how the Gross Value Added (GVA) is calculated. A) By adding depreciation cost to the Gross National Product (GNP). B) By subtracting the value of intermediate consumption from the gross product value. C) By summing up the total government expenditure, investment, and consumption. Answer: B
Set 2: Knowledge-Based Sector Role Elucidate the role of the knowledge-based sector in strengthening the tertiary sector. A) By decreasing the total population below 35 years. B) By effectively utilizing knowledge and technology for economic growth, especially through knowledge-based services like information and communication technology (ICT). C) By exclusively focusing on agriculture and allied activities. Answer: B
Problem Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Challenge of Double Counting Analyze the challenge faced when measuring National Income due to the inclusion of certain values. A) The exclusion of goods produced for self-consumption (non-inclusion). B) The possibility of counting the monetary value of a product in more than one stage of production (double counting). C) Lack of sufficient government expenditure data. Answer: B
Set 2: Problems of Unorganised Sector Workers Analyze the problems faced by workers in the unorganised sector. A) High wages and permanent job security. B) Problems like unsafe work places, long working hours, and low wages, which hinder their transformation into excellent human capital and widen socio-economic inequality. C) Mandatory compliance with laws stipulated under the Companies Act. Answer: B
Identification and Description Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Net Exports
1. Identify and describe the concept of 'Net Exports'. A) The total money spent by the consumer on goods and services. B) The difference between the value of exports and the value of imports of the country. C) The expenditure incurred on capital goods. Answer: B
Set 2: Gig Platform Worker 2. Identify and describe the 'Gig Platform Worker'. A) A worker in the organised sector who receives maternity benefits. B) A worker who works outside the conventional employer-employee relationship and earns money, engaging in temporary jobs that must be completed in a time-bound manner (e.g., freelancers, online food distribution workers). C) A public servant selected through competitive examinations (Permanent Executive). Answer: B
Reasoning/Justification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Justification for Sector-wise Contribution Calculation Justify why the sector-wise contribution to national income is calculated. A) To ensure that the calculation of Per Capita Income remains constant. B) To understand the performance standards of each sector, assess their contribution towards economic growth, and identify the strength and weakness of the overall economy. C) To limit the number of sectors to only three (primary, secondary, tertiary). Answer: B
Set 2: Justification for the Code on Social Security 2020 Justify why the Code on Social Security 2020 was formed. A) To strictly enforce that all firms operate under the Companies Act. B) To give importance to measures that ensure social security for employees in both the organised and unorganised sectors, providing benefits like maternity aid, old age protection, and free medical benefits. C) To mandate that all employment is temporary and time-bound. Answer: B
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Chapter 6: Price and Market
Triple Multiple Choice/Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Factors Influencing Consumption
1. Which three factors are identified as influencing the consumption patterns of individuals? A) Production function, total output, and fixed inputs. B) Tastes and preferences of the consumer, climate, and environmental awareness. C) Rent, wages, and interest. Answer: B
Set 2: Goals of Sustainable Production 2. Which three goals are associated with Sustainable Production? A) Maximising exploitation of natural resources and raw materials. B) To reduce environmental impacts through efficient resource use, maximise the renewable possibility of resources, and ensure safe workplace environment. C) Focusing solely on high profits and market capture. Answer: B
Finding Relationships/Pairing Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Input Type and Variability Identify the correct pairing of the production concept and its definition. A) Fixed Input : The quantity of this input can be changed in the short run (e.g., Labour). B) Variable Input : The quantity of this input can be changed in the short run (e.g., Capital). C) Production Function : The process of converting input into output. Answer: B
Set 2: Market Curve and Relationship Identify the correct pairing of the market curve/relationship and its characteristic. A) Demand Curve : Shows a direct relationship between price and quantity demanded. B) Supply Curve : Shows a direct relationship between quantity supplied and its price. C) Supply Curve : Slopes downwards from left to right. Answer: B
Characteristic Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Short-run Production Function
1. Identify the characteristic definition of the 'Short-run production function'. A) A situation where all inputs are variable. B) A situation in which at least one input is fixed in the production process. C) A situation where output depends only on variable inputs. Answer: B
Set 2: Equilibrium Price 2. What characterizes the Equilibrium Price? A) The price at which demand is greater than supply (Demand > Supply). B) The price at which the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied are equal. C) The price fixed by the government to support farmers (Minimum Support Price). Answer: B
Sequencing/Matching Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Sustainable Development Hierarchy Arrange the concepts of sustainable development in hierarchy (from general goal to specific action).
1. Sustainable Consumption
2. Sustainable Development
3. Sustainable Development Goals (e.g., No Poverty, Gender Equality) A) 2, 3, 1 (Sustainable Development, Goals, Consumption) Answer: A
Set 2: Matching Market Term and Description Match the market term with its description:
1. Demand
2. Supply
3. Disequilibrium a. Quantity of goods made available by sellers in the market b. Desire for a commodity backed by willingness and ability to pay c. The condition in which demand and supply are not equal in the market A) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c Answer: A
Comparison/Difference Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Needs vs. Wants Distinguish between 'Needs' and 'Wants'. A) Both are essential for survival and must be fulfilled by limited resources. B) Needs (basic needs) are essential for human life (e.g., food, shelter); Wants are desires that help achieve aspirations but are not essential for survival (e.g., vehicle). C) Needs are fulfilled by consumption; Wants are fulfilled by saving. Answer: B
Set 2: Market State (Demand vs. Supply) Compare the market situation when Demand > Supply versus when Demand < Supply. A) When Demand > Supply, the price decreases; when Demand < Supply, the price increases. B) When Demand > Supply, the price of the product increases; when Demand < Supply, the price of the product decreases. C) Both situations lead immediately to the equilibrium price. Answer: B
Explanation/Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Price Control Objective Explain the primary objective of 'Price Control' implemented by the government. A) To allow producers to set the highest possible price for essential goods. B) To intervene in the market, enabling exchange at a reasonable price, and protecting the interests of both producers and consumers. C) To ensure that the market always remains in a state of disequilibrium. Answer: B
Set 2: Vision of Sustainable Development Analyze the vision put forward by 'Sustainable Development'. A) The necessity of using all available resources immediately to maximize economic growth. B) A development approach achieved by controlling over-exploitation of resources and reducing environmental impacts, meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations' needs. C) The immediate goal of maximizing energy conservation through production function. Answer: B
Elucidation/Example Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Production Function Elucidate the technical relationship defined by the 'Production Function'. A) The relationship between the consumer's income and their consumption pattern. B) The technical relationship between inputs used in the production process (N, L, K, O) and the produced outputs (Q) within a specific period. C) The relationship between the price of a commodity and the quantity demanded (Demand Curve). Answer: B
Set 2: Digital Marketing Elucidate the concept of 'Digital Marketing'. A) Marketing conducted only in traditional marketplaces or through physical advertisements. B) Marketing of goods and services using digital channels and information technology (internet-based technology), allowing customers to select products online. C) Marketing techniques used only to reduce the production cost. Answer: B
Problem Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Adverse Effects of Disequilibrium Analyze why the existence of disequilibrium in the market for a long period is adverse. A) It encourages producers to maintain the equilibrium price. B) It adversely affects economic activities because if demand exceeds supply, prices rise (reducing consumer purchasing power), and if supply exceeds demand, producers face losses. C) It leads directly to the widespread use of digital marketing. Answer: B
Set 2: Role of Minimum Support Price (MSP) Analyze why the government fixes the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for agricultural products. A) To ensure that farmers sell their products directly to the consumers at the highest possible price. B) To protect farmers from losses when the market price is lower than the total cost of production, by intervening in the market, collecting, and storing products. C) To increase the price of essential commodities distributed through the public distribution system. Answer: B
Identification and Description Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Market
1. Identify and describe the primary function of the 'Market'. A) A process where all inputs are fixed in the production process. B) The mechanism through which the exchange of goods and services between sellers and consumers takes place, ensuring proper distribution and utilization of resources. C) A system where goods are exchanged for goods (Barter System). Answer: B
Set 2: Sustainable Consumption/Development Quote 2. Identify and describe the concept referred to by Mahatma Gandhi's quote: "Earth has enough resources for everybody's needs but not for anybody's greed.". A) Production Function. B) Sustainable Consumption/Development, aiming for consumption that minimizes environmental impact and uses resources considering future generations. C) Digital Marketing. Answer: B
Reasoning/Justification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Justification for Sustainable Development Need Justify why achieving sustainable development requires balancing limited resources and increasing needs. A) Because the primary challenge in the economic system is the conflict between unlimited human needs/wants and limited resources, necessitating scientific and sustainable utilization. B) Because production is defined only by fixed inputs (land and organization). C) Because the price must always be set above the equilibrium point. Answer: A
Set 2: Justification for Marketing Techniques Justify why the use of marketing techniques is necessary for producers. A) To ensure they reduce the price of the product below the cost of production. B) To get the credibility of consumers, make maximum sales, and capture the market, especially given the tough competition and new technology. C) To maintain a perpetual state of disequilibrium in the market. Answer: B
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Chapter 7: Through the Sandy Expanse
Triple Multiple Choice/Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Natural Boundaries of the Thar Desert
1. Which three physical/geographic boundaries define the Thar Desert? A) Himalayas, Ganga Plain, and Deccan Plateau. B) Sutlej River Basin (Northwest), Aravali Mountains (East), and Indus River Basin (West). C) Konkan Coast, Malabar Coast, and Eastern Ghats. Answer: B
Set 2: Factors Forming the Thar Desert 2. Which three natural factors contributed to the formation of the Thar Desert? A) Low rate of evaporation, cold winds, and high annual rainfall. B) The movement of the southwest monsoon winds parallel to the Aravali Mountains, the checking of the Bay of Bengal branch by the Aravali Mountains, and the high rate of evaporation. C) Extensive alluvial deposition by the Luni River and low temperatures. Answer: B
Finding Relationships/Pairing Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Desert Region and Description Identify the correct pairing of the desert region and its description: A) Marusthali : Semi-arid plain (Rajasthan Bagar). B) Rajasthan Bagar : Semi-arid plain, drained by several short seasonal rivers originating from the Aravali. C) Rohi : Vast sandy expanse with bedrock outcrops (Marusthali). Answer: B
Set 2: Geomorphic Process and Landform Identify the correct pairing of the geomorphic process and the landform it creates: A) Abrasion : Deflation Hollows. B) Deposition : Mushroom rocks. C) Deflation : Shallow depressions (Deflation Hollows). Answer: C
Characteristic Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Hot Desert Climate
1. Identify the characteristic of 'Hot deserts'. A) Permanent snow cover and extreme cold throughout the year. B) Characterized by very high temperatures during the daytime and very low temperatures at night (high diurnal range of temperature). C) Annual rainfall consistently exceeding 70 cm. Answer: B
Set 2: Arid Soil 2. What characterizes 'Arid Soil' (Desert Soil)? A) High humus content and loamy texture. B) Sandy structure, brown color, high salinity due to high evaporation, and tendency to be alkaline. C) Black soil formed from basalt rocks (Regur soil). Answer: B
Sequencing/Matching Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Desert Landforms by Size/Scale Arrange the desert landforms based on their size/scale (largest to smallest based on general description in source):
1. Sand dunes
2. Deflation Hollows
3. Thar Desert A) 3, 1, 2 (Thar Desert, Sand Dunes, Deflation Hollows) Answer: A
Set 2: Matching Thar Desert Feature and Description Match the Thar Desert feature with its definition/description:
1. Luni River
2. Dhrian
3. Oases a. Shifting dunes found in the western part of Marusthali b. A non-perennial river disappearing in the Rann of Kachchh c. Fertile patches formed due to the presence of a fresh water source A) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c Answer: A
Comparison/Difference Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Deflation vs. Abrasion Distinguish between 'Deflation' and 'Abrasion' as geomorphic processes in deserts. A) Both are depositional processes of wind. B) Deflation is the erosional process where sand is blown away by wind, forming shallow depressions; Abrasion is the erosional process where sand grains carried by wind rub strongly against rock outcrops, wearing them down. C) Deflation forms Sand dunes; Abrasion forms Sief dunes. Answer: B
Set 2: Winter vs. Summer Climate Compare the climate of the Thar Desert in winter versus summer. A) Summer (March-June) has mild temperature and high atmospheric humidity; Winter (December-February) has high night time temperature. B) Both seasons are characterized by high rainfall (above 76.2 cm). C) Summer is very hot and dry, with temperatures up to 45°C, low atmospheric humidity, and hot 'Loo' winds; Winter has clear skies, low atmospheric temperatures (often falling below 0°C at night in places), and gentle breezes. Answer: C
Explanation/Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Mushroom Rocks Formation Explain the formation of Mushroom Rocks. A) They are formed due to continuous deposition of sand grains by wind. B) They are formed when abrasion (wearing down by wind-carried particles) is high only up to a certain height, causing the lower portions of rock outcrops to wear out considerably more. C) They are massive intrusions of basalt lava. Answer: B
Set 2: Sparse Population Analyze why the Thar Desert is sparsely populated. A) Due to extensive use of the region for industrialization. B) Due to harsh physical conditions like absence of rain, extreme heat, strong winds, acute water scarcity, and difficulties in transportation network development. C) Due to high annual rainfall (above 70 cm). Answer: B
Elucidation/Example Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Indira Gandhi Canal Project Elucidate the significance of the Indira Gandhi Canal Project. A) It is primarily a project to generate geothermal energy in Jaisalmer. B) It provides irrigation and drinking water to districts in Western Rajasthan, leading to considerable increases in agricultural production and flourishing of allied industries. C) It is the primary structure used to mine Makrana marble. Answer: B
Set 2: Eremology Elucidate the concept of 'Eremology'. A) The study of the movement of tectonic plates. B) The study of deserts. C) The study of the formation of meanders and ox-bow lakes. Answer: B
Problem Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Impact of Severe Drought Analyze the social and economic impact of severe drought in the Thar Desert. A) It encourages commercial-scale cultivation without irrigation. B) It leads to acute water scarcity and causes many groups to migrate as nomads to other habitable places. C) It stabilizes the communication facilities and road network. Answer: B
Set 2: Economic Importance Despite Aridity Analyze the economic importance of the Thar Desert, despite its arid conditions. A) It serves as a dense metropolitan area like Mumbai or Chennai. B) It is rich in mineral deposits (e.g., Makrana marble, lead, zinc, iron), has high potential for energy generation (wind/solar), and generates significant income from tourism (e.g., camel safari). C) It has extensive tropical evergreen forests. Answer: B
Identification and Description Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Oases
1. Identify and describe 'Oases'. A) The area of the desert covered by shifting sand dunes (Dhrian). B) Fertile patches in deserts formed because of the presence of a fresh water source (natural springs or groundwater) where crops like wheat and cotton are cultivated. C) The small islands formed by floating organic matter in a lake (Phumdi). Answer: B
Set 2: Thar Desert Vegetation 2. Identify and describe the major vegetation type of the Thar Desert. A) Tropical Deciduous Forests (Moist Deciduous). B) Shola Forests found in Nilgiris. C) Thorny plants and shrubs, such as Gum arabic acacia and Euphorbia, which are drought-resistant plants. Answer: C
Reasoning/Justification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Luni River Name Justify why the Luni River is called 'Lavanavari'. A) Because it flows continuously throughout the year (perennial). B) Because its name is derived from the Sanskrit word meaning 'salt river'. C) Because it originates from the Himalayan ranges. Answer: B
Set 2: Camel as Ship of the Desert Justify why the camel is known as the 'ship of the desert'. A) Because camels are the primary source of leather products for artisans. B) Because the fauna of the Thar Desert, including camels, are adapted to survive the extreme climatic conditions that prevail here. C) Because the largest deposits of iron ore are found near where camels graze. Answer: B
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Chapter 8: Along the Coasts
Triple Multiple Choice/Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Geomorphic Features of Malabar Coast
1. Which three physical/geomorphic features are characteristic of the Malabar Coast? A) Monolithic chariot temples, rock-cut caves, and alluvial fans. B) Cliffs, sea stacks, and backwaters (Kayals). C) Marusthali, Dhrian, and Deflation Hollows. Answer: B
Set 2: Factors Favouring Coastal Population Density 2. Which three natural/economic factors make the Indian coastal region densely populated? A) Arid soil, continental climate, and low life expectancy. B) Equitable climate, plains suitable for agriculture, and employment opportunities (fishing, tourism, industries). C) Permanent snow cover, high diurnal temperature range, and volcanic activity. Answer: B
Finding Relationships/Pairing Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Coastal Division and Location Identify the correct pairing of the coastal division and its location. A) Malabar Coast : Between Mahanadi Delta and Krishna Delta. B) Northern Circars : Between Mahanadi Delta and Krishna Delta. C) Coromandel Coast : Between Kachchh and Kanyakumari. Answer: B
Set 2: Island Group and Formation Identify the correct pairing of the island group and its formation/feature. A) Andaman and Nicobar Islands : Formed by coral reefs. B) Lakshadweep Islands : Formed by coral reefs. C) Andaman and Nicobar Islands : Located in the Arabian Sea. Answer: B
Characteristic Identification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Western Coastal Plain
1. Identify the characteristic description of the Western Coastal Plain. A) A wide strip of land formed by river deposition, extending from Mahanadi to Kanyakumari (Eastern Coastal Plain). B) A narrow strip of land lying between the Peninsular Plateau and the Arabian Sea, which is a submerged coast with less river deposits. C) A coastal region where the land rises and the sea level falls (Emerged Coast). Answer: B
Set 2: Coastal Climate 2. What characterizes the climate of the coastal regions of India? A) Extreme hot and cold conditions throughout the year (Continental climate). B) A moderate climate, not experiencing too hot or too cold conditions, due to the maritime effect (proximity to the sea). C) High diurnal range of temperature due to rapid heating and cooling of the land and sea. Answer: B
Sequencing/Matching Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Sea Wave Erosion Sequence Arrange the features of sea wave erosion in the sequence of formation:
1. Sea Arch
2. Sea Cave
3. Sea Stack A) 2, 1, 3 (Sea Cave, Sea Arch, Sea Stack) Answer: A
Set 2: Matching Coastal Feature and Description Match the coastal feature with its definition/description:
1. Peaty soil
2. Monocyte
3. Coral reefs a. Formed by accumulation of dead remains of small marine organisms (coral polyps) b. A rare earth mineral (atomic fuel Uranium ore) found in coastal black sand (e.g., Chavara) c. Found on the Western coasts, rich in humus A) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a Answer: A
Comparison/Difference Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Western vs. Eastern Coastal Plain Compare the Western Coastal Plain and the Eastern Coastal Plain based on width and formation. A) The Western Coast is wide and emerged; the Eastern Coast is narrow and submerged. B) The Western Coast is narrow and submerged, with less river deposits; the Eastern Coast is wider and emerged, formed by extensive depositional processes of major rivers (deltas). C) The Western Coast has alluvial soil; the Eastern Coast has laterite soil. Answer: B
Set 2: Land Breeze vs. Sea Breeze Distinguish between 'Land Breeze' and 'Sea Breeze'. A) Sea breeze occurs at night when high pressure develops over the sea. B) Sea breeze occurs during the day when air blows from the high-pressure sea to the low-pressure land; Land breeze occurs at night when wind blows from the high-pressure land to the low-pressure sea. C) Land breeze brings rainfall to the coast; Sea breeze causes continental climate. Answer: B
Explanation/Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Alluvial Soil in Eastern Coast Explain why the Eastern Coastal Plain has more alluvial soil compared to the Western Coastal Plain. A) Because the Eastern Coast is a submerged coast. B) Because the Eastern Coastal Plain was formed as a result of the depositional processes and deltas of large east-flowing peninsular rivers like Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri. C) Because the Northeast monsoon brings sand from Central Asia. Answer: B
Set 2: Role of Mangrove Forests Analyze the significance of Mangrove forests in coastal ecosystems. A) They provide the only habitat for the Royal Bengal Tiger. B) They are crucial for the existence of the coastal ecosystem, acting as breeding grounds for fish and marine life, and protecting coastal land and people from natural disasters like cyclone and Tsunami. C) They are the primary source of monocyte mineral deposits. Answer: B
Elucidation/Example Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Function of Kayals Elucidate the function of 'Kayals' (backwaters) in the Malabar Coast. A) They are sea stacks formed by the collapsing roof of a sea arch. B) They are shallow water bodies separated from the sea, such as Vembanad Lake, which are inter-linked by canals to facilitate water transport (e.g., National Waterway 3). C) They are temporary embankments of sand deposited parallel to the coast (Sand bars). Answer: B
Set 2: Coral Islands Formation Elucidate the formation of Coral Islands. A) They are formed by extensive volcanic activity, like the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. B) They are formed by the accumulation of the dead remains of small marine organisms called coral polyps, whose calcium carbonate secretions build up on submarine mountain peaks above sea level. C) They are linear landforms formed by sand and gravel between high and low tidal limits (Beaches). Answer: B
Problem Analysis Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Western Coast Rainfall Analyze why the Western Coastal Plain receives high rainfall during the Southwest Monsoon. A) Because the Western Coast is an emerged coast. B) Because the Monsoon winds coming through the Arabian Sea hit the Western Ghats, which run parallel to the coast, causing them to raise and condense. C) Because the low-pressure area develops over the Indian Ocean. Answer: B
Set 2: Challenges to Coastal Life Analyze the key challenges faced by people living in coastal regions today. A) Lack of employment opportunities in fishing and agriculture. B) Adverse conditions like natural disasters (Tsunami, cyclone), sea level rise due to global climate change, coastal erosion, and sea turbulence. C) Too wide a coastal plain limiting connectivity. Answer: B
Identification and Description Options (2 sets)
Set 1: 10 Degree Channel
1. Identify and describe the '10 Degree Channel'. A) The stretch of backwaters (Kayals) connecting Kottapuram to Kollam. B) The sea portion separating the Andaman Islands from the Nicobar Island. C) The distance between the Lakshadweep Islands and the Kerala coast. Answer: B
Set 2: Sea Stack 2. Identify and describe the 'Sea Stack'. A) A small hole that develops in coastal rocks due to wave erosion (Sea Cave). B) A pillar-like landform standing detached from the shore, formed when the roof of a sea arch collapses through continued erosion. C) A temporary embankment of sand deposited parallel to the coast (Sand bar). Answer: B
Reasoning/Justification Options (2 sets)
Set 1: Volcanic Origin of Andaman and Nicobar Justify why the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, unlike Lakshadweep, are known as volcanic islands. A) Because they are formed primarily by coral reefs. B) Because they are characterized by volcanic origins, including Barren Island, which is the only active volcano in India. C) Because they are located in the Arabian Sea. Answer: B
Set 2: Justification for Coastal Resource Planning Justify why the government gives special attention to resource planning and conservation strategies in coastal areas. A) To ensure that the population density remains low. B) To enable sustainable utilization of coastal resources and benefit the local people, especially considering the challenges posed by climate change, natural disasters, and coastal erosion. C) To limit the growth of the tourism sector. Answer: B
