Chapter 1: Weather and Climate - MCQ Challenge

Test your understanding of key concepts.

1. A news report states, "Mumbai is expected to experience heavy rainfall and strong winds over the next 48 hours." This report is describing the region's:

A) Climate B) Weather C) Season D) Heat Budget

2. Consider the following statements:

Assertion (A): The atmosphere is heated primarily by outgoing terrestrial radiation, not directly by incoming solar radiation.

Reason (R): Incoming solar radiation (insolation) consists of short waves that pass through the atmosphere without being significantly absorbed, while the Earth re-emits energy as long waves which are absorbed by greenhouse gases.

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. C) A is true, but R is false. D) A is false, but R is true.

3. Which of the following statements regarding the factors influencing temperature distribution is/are correct?

I. Temperature generally increases with increasing altitude, a phenomenon known as the Normal Lapse Rate.

II. Coastal areas experience moderate temperatures due to maritime influence, whereas inland areas have more extreme temperature ranges.

III. Warm ocean currents, like the North Atlantic Current, tend to lower the temperature of adjacent coastal regions.

A) Only I B) Only II C) I and III D) II and III

4. Which statement correctly compares Land and Sea Breezes?

A) During the day, a high-pressure area forms over the land, causing a Land Breeze to blow towards the sea. B) At night, the sea cools down faster than the land, resulting in a Sea Breeze. C) Sea Breezes occur during the day because land heats up faster, creating a low-pressure zone that draws in cooler, high-pressure air from the sea. D) Land and Sea Breezes are permanent winds that blow consistently throughout the year.

5. Match the Global Pressure Belt (Column I) with its primary Cause (Column II) and a key Characteristic (Column III).

Column I (Pressure Belt)	Column II (Cause)	Column III (Characteristic)
(i) Equatorial Low	(a) Cold, subsiding air	(x) Windless zone (Doldrums)
(ii) Subtropical High	(b) High temperature & rising air	(y) Formed by subsiding air from the equator
(iii) Polar High	(c) Subsiding air from the equator	(z) Permanent high pressure due to extreme cold

A) (i)-(a)-(y), (ii)-(c)-(z), (iii)-(b)-(x) B) (i)-(b)-(x), (ii)-(c)-(y), (iii)-(a)-(z) C) (i)-(c)-(z), (ii)-(b)-(y), (iii)-(a)-(x) D) (i)-(b)-(y), (ii)-(a)-(x), (iii)-(c)-(z)

6. Consider the following statements about wind deflection:

Assertion (A): Winds in the Northern Hemisphere are deflected to their right.

Reason (R): The Coriolis force, caused by the Earth's rotation, is responsible for this deflection and its effect is maximum at the equator.

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. C) A is true, but R is false. D) A is false, but R is true.

7. A mountaineer climbing a high peak observes different forms of condensation. Which of the following is most likely to be observed as ice crystals formed directly on cold rock surfaces when the temperature drops below 0°C?

A) Dew B) Mist C) Fog D) Frost

8. Read the descriptions of rainfall types below:

I. Orographic Rainfall: Occurs when moist winds are blocked by mountains, causing heavy rain on the leeward side and creating a rain shadow on the windward side.

II. Convectional Rainfall: Caused by intense heating of the ground, leading to rising warm, moist air that cools, condenses, and causes rainfall, often in the afternoon.

III. Cyclonic Rainfall: Occurs when a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet, forcing the lighter warm air to rise over the cold air, leading to condensation and precipitation.

Which descriptions are correct?

A) I and II only B) II and III only C) I and III only D) I, II, and III

9. Which of the following is a key difference between Tropical and Temperate Cyclones?

A) Tropical cyclones form over land, while temperate cyclones form over oceans. B) Temperate cyclones are generally more devastating and cause more intense rainfall than tropical cyclones. C) Tropical cyclones develop over warm tropical oceans and dissipate over land, whereas temperate cyclones can form where warm and cold air masses meet and can move over land. D) In the Northern Hemisphere, winds whirl clockwise in tropical cyclones and anticlockwise in temperate cyclones.

10. If the temperature of a parcel of air increases, but the amount of water vapour within it remains constant, what happens to its Relative Humidity?

A) It increases, as the air can now hold less water. B) It decreases, as warmer air has a higher capacity to hold water vapour. C) It remains the same, as the absolute humidity has not changed. D) It first increases and then decreases.

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